A-Level 经济学真题纯干货不容错过
广州雅思培训小编要分享的是：A-Level经济学真题纯干货不容错过
A-Level经济学问答题详解
DeflationandDisinflation
Deflation（通货紧缩）与disinflation（通货膨胀减缓）经常在A-Level考试中出现，两者的区别如下，小伙伴们认真阅读哦!
Deflationisapersistentfallintheaveragepricelevelintheeconomy.
Disinflationisafallingrateofinflation.
通货紧缩是经济体中价格水平持续下降的情况，通货膨胀减缓是通货膨胀率下降。两者的本质区别，Deflation（通货紧缩）是指价格水平下降，disinflation（通货膨胀减缓）是指价格水平还在上涨，只是涨幅变小。
对经济体整体而言，价格下降是好情况吗？未必，通货紧缩的影响如下：
ConsequencesofDeflation
A:Fallingconsumption:Consumersdelaypurchasesastheyexpectfurtherpricereductions.ADshrinksevenmore,pushingevenlowertheaveragepricelevel.
B:Reducinginvestment:Asdemandislow,firmsareforcedtocutprices,tocutdowncosts&eventoreducetheirscaleofproduction.Lowbusinessconfidencewillalsodiscourageinvestment.
C:Risingbankruptcies:Firms’profitsdecline.Asaresult,dividends&investment
returnsfallandsosharepricesalsofall.Businessinsolvencieswillincrease.
D:Risingunemployment:Sincedemandislow&pricesarefalling,firmswilllayoffworkersand/orreducewages.Unemploymentwillrise&thiswillfurtherdiscourageconsumption.
E:viciouscycleoffallingprices/fallingADe.g.“lostdecade”inJapan
F:reducedeffectivenessofmonetary&fiscalpolicyasinterestratescannotfallbelowzero&householdsprefertosave/postponespending
G:bankingsystematriskasloansarenotrepaid
H:negativemultipliereffect
I:governmentdebtexpandsinrealterms
相关A-level真题：
1.(June,2012v3)
(b)Discusswhetheraperiodofinflationoraperiodofdeflationismoreeconomicallydesirable.
[12]
Solution:
1)答题思路：题目分成三部分答写：先写inflation与deflation的定义；再分别写inflation与deflation的consequence；最后写自己的观点觉得哪个是moreeconomicallydesirable并写原因。
2)得分点：
?Forknowledgeandunderstandingof‘inflation’and‘deflation’.2marks
?Forananalysisoftheeffectsofinflationanddeflation.Upto8marks
(Onlyinflationordeflationconsidered6max)
?Foranevaluativecommentontherelativedesirabilityofinflationanddeflation.2marks
3)真题答案：
Inflationisasustainedriseinthegeneralpricelevel.Deflationisasustainedfallinthegeneralpricelevelorareductioninaggregateeconomicactivity.Inflationhaseffectsoninternationalcompetitiveness,shoeleatherandmenucosts,thedistributionofincome,theabilitytoplanandthelevelofconfidence.Deflationislinkedtorisingunemployment,fallingeconomicgrowth,lowerlivingstandards,changinginternationalcompetitiveness,changingdistributionofincome(differentlytoinflation)andlossofconfidence.Thereissomeoverlapbetweentheeffects,andtheeffectsmaydependupontherateofchange.Mildinflationisoftenthoughttobedesirable.Governmentsmayfavourinflationasitreducestherealvalueofdebtandincreaseincomethoughhighertaxrevenue.Thedesirabilitywilldependonthestandpointadopted.
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